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Found a cure for skin cancer
November 13, 2009
Found a cure for skin cancer
Scientists have developed a new drug that helps in the treatment of the most deadly types of skin cancer, including the most recent stages.
Malignant melanoma – one of the fastest growing types of cancer. Main reason for it – the solar radiation. According to the results of preliminary tests, the drug while still under development and which bears the name of PLX4032 (R7204), can provide a long life expectancy.
Pharmaceutical companies Roche and Plexxikon announced the results of their research at the annual convention of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. PLX4032 (R7204) finds and destroys tumor cells carry the mutation type BRAF, which is present in 60% of malignant melanomas. This can help not only reduce the number of malignant tumors, but also slow the spread of cancer.
Clinical trials
Currently, only 5% of people live more than two years after the appearance of metastases. In the first phase of a clinical study in 16 patients receiving the drug PLX4032 (R7204) was found to decrease proliferation of tumor cells by at least 30%.
On average, these patients have stopped the cancer cells to spread about half a year, while more than half of the tumors were markedly reduced. Representatives of the companies Roche and Plexxikon reported that they are going to conduct a more extensive clinical trials to determine how toxic the drug may be and what should be its optimal dose.
Both companies also hope to develop a process of testing for the diagnosis of patients with melanoma-type BRAF in the early stages of its development.
Fighting obesity: two in one
One of the coaches Hollywood celebrities helping them throw off excess weight, and along with their pets.
Fitness guru from Beverly Hills, Gunnar Peterson (Gunnar Peterson), known as the man to help stay in shape, such celebrities as Jennifer Lopez and Sylvester Stallone, has created a series of videos for training people with their dogs and cats.
“It is about maintaining the physical form along with your favorite” – said Peterson of Los Angeles – “We have become less and less time, so we combined the two in one”.
And just in time. Veterinarians say that with an increase in waist increases the mass of people and, accordingly, worsening the health of furry friends.
“Just as we have become a nation of fat people, we bring up in his lap” nation “ozhirevshih pets,” – said Dr. Ernest Ward (Ernest Ward), president of the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention (APOP), a group of physicians involved in against obesity in animals.
“Over 44 percent of dogs and 57 percent of cats by today’s estimates, are overweight or obese” – he said, referring to recent studies APOP.
In an interview from Calabash, North Carolina Ward added that when he graduated from veterinary school 17 years ago, obese animals was not a problem.
Role of autoimmune processes in the implantation
Role of autoimmune processes in the implantation
In the United States conducted a scientific and experimental work on the process of implantation, when the interaction of the blastocyst with the uterine epithelium. Identified several immune factors that negatively affect the process of implantation.
The study was conducted on a group of women who received the desired pregnancy through IVF treatment. Antiphospholipid antibodies are frequently detected in this group of women, but judging by this study, these antibodies did not affect the number of live births, the frequency of abortion. Antitireodnye antibodies also detected in women of reproductive age, but the frequency rate of successful implantation and pregnancy termination is not changed in women with normal thyroid function. The presence of antinuclear antibodies may be a sign of latent autoimmune zaboevaniya, but the presence of low titer of these antibodies also did not affect the outcome of implantation. Antisperm antibodies, when present, usually occur in women impaired fertility when they are in high titer in the plasma, in the mucous membranes. Antisperm antibodies are often combined with ovarian hypofunction. Thus, in the process of implantation is the interaction of two genetically different immune tissues. In the process of implantation of local and systemic immune factors, cytokines, growth factors may interact with adhesion molecules and other proteins, glycoproteins, peptides.
Friendly people have more nerve cells
November 9, 2009
Friendly people have more nerve cells
British and Finnish psychologists and neuroscientists have found that people prone to a more warm and friendly relations of two sections of the brain contains more nerve cells than normal. The researchers hope that their discovery will help find ways to treat schizophrenia and autism.
The subjects who were recruited psychologists, passed a psychological test, which required them to answer questions about how they tend to establish friendships and to show positive emotions towards others. Then the researchers scanned the brains of volunteers using the imager – to obtain data on the size of various structures and compare them with test results.
Scientists have found that is located directly above the eye sockets of the orbitofrontal cortex and the striatum, the structures located deep within the brain, the more friendly people and contained more nerve cells. The main functions of the two structures are known – the orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, previously associated with self-control. And the striatum is involved in planning movements, and behavior associated with rewards. Under this behavior, scientists involve activities in which a person receives something or other reward: from praise to cash prizes or other tangible prize.
Communication as a jewel
Neuroscientists from the University of Cambridge and the University of Oulu (Finland) believe that it is the link the striatum with a sense of reward may explain the pattern detected by them. In their view, due to the friendliness, including the emotional benefits that a person receives in the process of communication.
Friendly people like to communicate, and their brain evaluates communication as a reward. “It is remarkable that we found parts of the brain provide not only an award for communication”, said Graham Murray, Head of Research – “These structures are related with satisfaction from the very simple things: eating, drinking and sex. It is about the brain structures that have emerged from more distant ancestors of the human species, and we believe that their study will enable us to understand how there were more complex phenomena such as sentimentality or affection. ”
The structure of the brain and friendliness – what comes first, the scientists do not yet know
The researchers stressed that they found pattern does not mean that it is an increase in any of the brain, makes people more friendly. It is possible that on the contrary, the very behavior has changed the structure of the brain (in principle such an effect is possible: even demonstrated an impact on the size of different parts of the brain meditation), in addition friendliness or empathy are too complex to be associated with any one area of the brain.
Nevertheless, the results of the scientists may already be useful in studying a number of psychiatric illnesses. When autism or schizophrenia, the ability to establish contacts with other people severely disrupted, and at least partial communication disorders with changes in brain structure may help to find new ways to treat these diseases.
Against a stomach ulcer will help the amino acid glutamine
Against a stomach ulcer will help the amino acid glutamine
Almost 20 years ago, it was found that the bacteria called Helicobacter Pylori is responsible for stomach ulcers. Since then, antibiotics have become the main way to combat bacterial infection that affects approximately six percent of the world’s population, as well as the main cause of stomach cancer.
But today, the bacteria become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. American researchers Medical Center Beth Israel Deaconess and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found an alternate method of prophylaxis against gastric ulcers: they believe that the amino acid glutamine to be helpful against damage to the stomach bacteria. According to gastroenterologists, glutamine supplement in the diet will protect the stomach from the effect of H. PYLORI, which weakens the mucous membranes and affects the work of cells, causing an excessive immune response is ineffective against the infection. Glutamic supplements will prevent the development of gastritis and conditions that lead to cancer, doctors believe.
Glutamine is found in many foods, including beef, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy products and some fruits and vegetables. Experiments have shown that glutamate blocks bacterial cell death, completely reversing the process of gastric lesions in the production of ammonia by bacteria. Amino acid stimulates the detoxification of ammonia in the stomach, reducing its concentration and prohibiting cell damage, demonstrated by clinicians who have observed the action of glutamine in the body of laboratory mice for 20 weeks. With supplements substance in the animals there was a decrease of inflammation and activity of inflammatory cytokines.
The device copes with severe asthma without drugs
The device copes with severe asthma without drugs
American scientists tested an experimental device that uses thermal energy to relieve bronchospasm in patients with severe bronchial asthma, intractable medical treatment.
As shown by one of the last stages of clinical trials, the use of Alair System – is the name of the device – a 32% reduced the incidence of severe asthma attacks and 84% of patients reduced the number of requests for emergency medical help.
In addition, patients who were treated by this device rarely took sick and miss school, and days free from asthma symptoms, they were more than those who received placebo.
The test results were presented at the 105-th international conference of the American Thoracic Society, held in San Diego (California, USA) from 15 to 20 May 2009
The principle of the Alair System is as follows: in the respiratory tract is introduced thin tube through which the high-frequency pulses are fed, heating and destroying the excess muscle tissue of the bronchioles, which prevents them from narrowing and obstruction. The procedure called bronchial thermoplastic and an outpatient.
“In bronchial asthma in the wall of the bronchioles, there are too many smooth muscle fibers, which promote the development of seizures, – explains study leader Dr. Mario Castro of the University. George Washington at St. Louis (Missouri, USA). – Our mission – to reduce their numbers” .
To participate in clinical trials, Dr. Castro and his colleagues have invited 297 patients with severe bronchial asthma from 30 hospitals in 6 countries. Two-thirds of all participants received 3 sessions of bronchial thermoplastics, the other represented the control group, in which during the procedure rf pulses were made.
Within a year after the procedure, scientists monitored the condition of patients. In 79% of subjects who passed the experimental treatment, the condition improved. According to Dr. Castro, improvement was noted in the control group, but its severity was not statistically significant. “This is a very important advance in the treatment of bronchial asthma, – said Dr. Castro, – to this day not much we can help these patients.
All patients enrolled in clinical trials, constantly taking a combination of drugs for inhalation of corticosteroids and b-agonists long-acting, but it did not give them much relief. Could also help immunomodulator omalizumab, intended for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma, but not all patients the cause of asthma in allergy.
This fall, Alair System expects FDA approval. In Europe, bronchial thermoplastic already approved.