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Operations for the treatment of obesity began to carry out through the mouth
December 11, 2009
Operations for the treatment of obesity began to carry out through the mouth
American and European surgeons are experiencing how to conduct operations to reduce the stomach through the mouth. Such access by the intervention, aimed at combating obesity, leaves no cosmetic defects.
With gastroscopy, introduced through the esophagus, stomach superimposed surgical staples in such a way that it formed a thin channel, slowing the passage of food. This patient feel full after taking small amounts of food and lose weight.
Doctors called the preliminary results of 200 operations in the U.S. and 100 in Europe are promising. After about 18 months after the intervention the mean weight loss of patients was 45 percent. According to the surgeon Nishi Gregg (Gregg Nishi) of the Medical Center Sidars-Sinai, only one operation was complicated by perforation of the esophagus, the more serious complications were observed.
The new operation was another achievement of technology NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery – Endoscopic surgery through natural openings). Today in the world with the help of this technology has successfully removed the appendix, gall bladder and kidney through the vagina, through the mouth performed appendectomy and biopsies of the pancreas.
Influenza! How often do we hear
Influenza! How often do we hear
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by a flu virus. This disease is one of the groups of acute respiratory infections. Is the nature of the spread of epidemics. The influenza virus is divided into three categories A, B, C. category A, B belong to the same genus as category C completely to another. Each category has its own structure of influenza which is determined by the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Influenza A class has a property to be changed while in natural conditions. Influenza has the form of a sphere with a diameter of 80-120 nm, the center of the RNA fragments that are in the lipoprotein shell on the surface there are processes in the form of spikes consisting of hemagglutinin (H) and of neuraminidase (N). When injected into the human body of its resistance to influenza is determined by the amount worked out by anti-bodies on such substances (H), (N). Accordingly, the more spikes, the harder the body will resist.
The virus is airborne droplets. Most adults are susceptible to this disease. In an infected person becoming sick with influenza will last at most 3-5 days. This virus has the nature of the spread of epidemics. Epidemics of influenza A class of repeated approximately every 2 years, the class of flu in time in 4 years with respect to P then the type of character is rare and isolated cases of people with very low immunity.
The nature of epidemics often gets the virus in the autumn winter season. The distribution and frequency of influenza from the fact that it changes in natural conditions which are most susceptible class AA team considered a huge risk of children and the elderly, future moms, people with diseases of the heart, lungs, people with kidney failure.
Influenza has been known since the late 16 th century, some statistics. Year Distribution
1889-1890 Heavy epidemic
1900-1903 Moderate epidemic
1918-1919 Heavy pandemic (Spanish flu)
1933-1935 Average epidemic
1946-1947 Average epidemic
1957-1958 Heavy pandemic (Asian flu)
1968-1969 Moderate pandemic (Hong Kong Flu)
1977-1978 Average pandemic
1995-1996 Heavy pandemic
Statins may help prevent stroke
Statins may help prevent stroke
Greek researchers have shown that the appointment of statin patients discharged from hospital after the first stroke reduces the risk of recurrence of stroke within 10 years and improves survival.
Sotirios Giannopoulos (University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece) and colleagues conducted a retrospective analysis 794 patients who had the first stroke, in which data were available 10 years of observation. Within 10 years, 14.1% of patients developed recurrent stroke, and 28,2% – have died. After being discharged from hospital 23% of patients were assigned to one or another statin, and 77% did not receive statins. Patients treated with statins, the frequency of relapses was significantly lower than in patients not taking statins (7.6% and 16,3%).
Regressinny analysis showed that statins reduced the risk of recurrence of stroke by 15%. In addition, patients taking statins, the risk of death within 10 years after th