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Influenza! How often do we hear

December 11, 2009

Influenza! How often do we hear

Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by a flu virus. This disease is one of the groups of acute respiratory infections. Is the nature of the spread of epidemics. The influenza virus is divided into three categories A, B, C. category A, B belong to the same genus as category C completely to another. Each category has its own structure of influenza which is determined by the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Influenza A class has a property to be changed while in natural conditions. Influenza has the form of a sphere with a diameter of 80-120 nm, the center of the RNA fragments that are in the lipoprotein shell on the surface there are processes in the form of spikes consisting of hemagglutinin (H) and of neuraminidase (N). When injected into the human body of its resistance to influenza is determined by the amount worked out by anti-bodies on such substances (H), (N). Accordingly, the more spikes, the harder the body will resist.

The virus is airborne droplets. Most adults are susceptible to this disease. In an infected person becoming sick with influenza will last at most 3-5 days. This virus has the nature of the spread of epidemics. Epidemics of influenza A class of repeated approximately every 2 years, the class of flu in time in 4 years with respect to P then the type of character is rare and isolated cases of people with very low immunity.

The nature of epidemics often gets the virus in the autumn winter season. The distribution and frequency of influenza from the fact that it changes in natural conditions which are most susceptible class AA team considered a huge risk of children and the elderly, future moms, people with diseases of the heart, lungs, people with kidney failure.

Influenza has been known since the late 16 th century, some statistics. Year Distribution
1889-1890 Heavy epidemic
1900-1903 Moderate epidemic
1918-1919 Heavy pandemic (Spanish flu)
1933-1935 Average epidemic
1946-1947 Average epidemic
1957-1958 Heavy pandemic (Asian flu)
1968-1969 Moderate pandemic (Hong Kong Flu)
1977-1978 Average pandemic
1995-1996 Heavy pandemic

Against a stomach ulcer will help the amino acid glutamine

November 9, 2009

Against a stomach ulcer will help the amino acid glutamine
Almost 20 years ago, it was found that the bacteria called Helicobacter Pylori is responsible for stomach ulcers. Since then, antibiotics have become the main way to combat bacterial infection that affects approximately six percent of the world’s population, as well as the main cause of stomach cancer.

But today, the bacteria become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. American researchers Medical Center Beth Israel Deaconess and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found an alternate method of prophylaxis against gastric ulcers: they believe that the amino acid glutamine to be helpful against damage to the stomach bacteria. According to gastroenterologists, glutamine supplement in the diet will protect the stomach from the effect of H. PYLORI, which weakens the mucous membranes and affects the work of cells, causing an excessive immune response is ineffective against the infection. Glutamic supplements will prevent the development of gastritis and conditions that lead to cancer, doctors believe.

Glutamine is found in many foods, including beef, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy products and some fruits and vegetables. Experiments have shown that glutamate blocks bacterial cell death, completely reversing the process of gastric lesions in the production of ammonia by bacteria. Amino acid stimulates the detoxification of ammonia in the stomach, reducing its concentration and prohibiting cell damage, demonstrated by clinicians who have observed the action of glutamine in the body of laboratory mice for 20 weeks. With supplements substance in the animals there was a decrease of inflammation and activity of inflammatory cytokines.

The device copes with severe asthma without drugs

The device copes with severe asthma without drugs
American scientists tested an experimental device that uses thermal energy to relieve bronchospasm in patients with severe bronchial asthma, intractable medical treatment.

As shown by one of the last stages of clinical trials, the use of Alair System – is the name of the device – a 32% reduced the incidence of severe asthma attacks and 84% of patients reduced the number of requests for emergency medical help.

In addition, patients who were treated by this device rarely took sick and miss school, and days free from asthma symptoms, they were more than those who received placebo.

The test results were presented at the 105-th international conference of the American Thoracic Society, held in San Diego (California, USA) from 15 to 20 May 2009

The principle of the Alair System is as follows: in the respiratory tract is introduced thin tube through which the high-frequency pulses are fed, heating and destroying the excess muscle tissue of the bronchioles, which prevents them from narrowing and obstruction. The procedure called bronchial thermoplastic and an outpatient.

“In bronchial asthma in the wall of the bronchioles, there are too many smooth muscle fibers, which promote the development of seizures, – explains study leader Dr. Mario Castro of the University. George Washington at St. Louis (Missouri, USA). – Our mission – to reduce their numbers” .

To participate in clinical trials, Dr. Castro and his colleagues have invited 297 patients with severe bronchial asthma from 30 hospitals in 6 countries. Two-thirds of all participants received 3 sessions of bronchial thermoplastics, the other represented the control group, in which during the procedure rf pulses were made.

Within a year after the procedure, scientists monitored the condition of patients. In 79% of subjects who passed the experimental treatment, the condition improved. According to Dr. Castro, improvement was noted in the control group, but its severity was not statistically significant. “This is a very important advance in the treatment of bronchial asthma, – said Dr. Castro, – to this day not much we can help these patients.

All patients enrolled in clinical trials, constantly taking a combination of drugs for inhalation of corticosteroids and b-agonists long-acting, but it did not give them much relief. Could also help immunomodulator omalizumab, intended for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma, but not all patients the cause of asthma in allergy.

This fall, Alair System expects FDA approval. In Europe, bronchial thermoplastic already approved.

Scientists have explained why the avian flu infected more difficult than usual

October 22, 2009

Scientists have explained why the avian flu infected more difficult than usual
American doctors and biologists have found that the human nose is too cold for the successful spread of avian influenza virus. According to scientists, the bird flu virus infects only cells with a high temperature, whereas the ordinary flu virus is adapted to relatively low temperatures.

Virologists from several different institutions, the U.S. learned the process of infection of cells of the nasal mucosa of different influenza viruses. The researchers varied the temperature: part of the cell culture was maintained at a temperature of 32 degrees, and some – at +37. Biologists know that the bird’s body temperature far above the human and their upper airways are heated as well as the deeply located parts nasopharynx in humans.

Avian influenza viruses (strains that suffer mainly birds: in principle, avian flu can survive in the human body), which scientists infected cells, a well-bred only in the heated cultures. Recall that the virus can not reproduce itself, instead, the virus penetrates the cell, it embeds in its genetic code, and only then the cell starts to produce copies of the virus has infected her.

Researchers have found that often infect humans are influenza viruses, in contrast, well multiply in the cells both at low and at high temperatures. Experts say that these differences are explained by the fact that bird flu infection occurs less frequently, and its transmission from person to person is unlikely: the virus spreads rapidly only when hit deep into the respiratory tract, and under normal circumstances, it is retained in the nasopharynx.

They also said that their discovery could affect the priority of the development of vaccines against avian influenza. Study of the ability of different viruses (currently 16 known strains of avian flu and the doctors have not checked them all) to infect cells at different temperatures can identify those varieties that can infect the body, regardless of the temperature of nasopharynx. Against such a vaccine virus would require first of all – the remaining strains originally adapted to birds with another body temperature.

Scientists have found that Alzheimer’s disease is directly linked to heart problems

Scientists have found that Alzheimer’s disease is directly linked to heart problems
According to recent research scientists, people with atrial fibrillation in 44% more prone to dementia than people with healthy hearts. Atrial fibrillation – one of the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is characterized by chaotic atrial rhythm and occurs in all age groups.

Academic Medical Center The Intermountain Medical Centre in Utah (USA) monitored the condition of more than 37 thousand patients. According to the cardiologist Jared Bunch, previous studies have shown that patients with atrial fibrillation are predisposed to vascular dementia – a kind of dementia, the prevalence is second only to Alzheimer’s disease. In the new study was the discovery is the fact that heart disease and lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease.

Dr. Susan Sorensen, head of the U.S. Alzheimer’s Society, said: “The discovery suggests that people with heart disease may be faced immediately with the two most serious forms of dementia – Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. However, we have the opportunity to thoroughly explore this phenomenon and, possibly, to find the right medicine. ”

For 2006, there were more than 26 million people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists project that by 2050 their number may increase by several times.

Further study of this problem should show whether you can find a connection between the treatment of heart disease and reduced incidence of dementia, reports The Daily Telegraph.

The lack of sunlight affects the severity of treatment of asthma

October 19, 2009

The lack of sunlight affects the severity of treatment of asthma
Levels of vitamin D in the body affect the severity of treatment of asthma , established doctors. Immunologists Harvard Medical School examined the concentration of vitamin D among 616 children diagnosed with asthma.

For each child tested for sensitivity to common allergens, but also examined serum vitamin D in the blood and lung function. Asthmatics who had low levels of vitamin A, significantly more likely to have been hospitalized with respiratory symptoms, often react to the most common markers of allergy, as dust mites, and had serious bouts of illness.

American immunologists believe that a walk in sunny weather, is essential for maintaining the health of asthmatics, since ultraviolet rays are an indispensable source of vitamin D. In sunlight, doctors recommend giving children with vitamin supplements, which will also preserve bone health, to prevent rickets and osteoporosis in adulthood. The complexity of obtaining vitamin D is that, unlike many other useful substances, it is mainly synthesized in the body, but not at the expense of consumption. Approximately 90% of vitamin D is formed in the body due to exposure to the sun, so even large amounts of products containing the substance can not fill the deficit, adding therapists.