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Influenza! How often do we hear

December 11, 2009

Influenza! How often do we hear

Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by a flu virus. This disease is one of the groups of acute respiratory infections. Is the nature of the spread of epidemics. The influenza virus is divided into three categories A, B, C. category A, B belong to the same genus as category C completely to another. Each category has its own structure of influenza which is determined by the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Influenza A class has a property to be changed while in natural conditions. Influenza has the form of a sphere with a diameter of 80-120 nm, the center of the RNA fragments that are in the lipoprotein shell on the surface there are processes in the form of spikes consisting of hemagglutinin (H) and of neuraminidase (N). When injected into the human body of its resistance to influenza is determined by the amount worked out by anti-bodies on such substances (H), (N). Accordingly, the more spikes, the harder the body will resist.

The virus is airborne droplets. Most adults are susceptible to this disease. In an infected person becoming sick with influenza will last at most 3-5 days. This virus has the nature of the spread of epidemics. Epidemics of influenza A class of repeated approximately every 2 years, the class of flu in time in 4 years with respect to P then the type of character is rare and isolated cases of people with very low immunity.

The nature of epidemics often gets the virus in the autumn winter season. The distribution and frequency of influenza from the fact that it changes in natural conditions which are most susceptible class AA team considered a huge risk of children and the elderly, future moms, people with diseases of the heart, lungs, people with kidney failure.

Influenza has been known since the late 16 th century, some statistics. Year Distribution
1889-1890 Heavy epidemic
1900-1903 Moderate epidemic
1918-1919 Heavy pandemic (Spanish flu)
1933-1935 Average epidemic
1946-1947 Average epidemic
1957-1958 Heavy pandemic (Asian flu)
1968-1969 Moderate pandemic (Hong Kong Flu)
1977-1978 Average pandemic
1995-1996 Heavy pandemic

Scientists have explained why the avian flu infected more difficult than usual

October 22, 2009

Scientists have explained why the avian flu infected more difficult than usual
American doctors and biologists have found that the human nose is too cold for the successful spread of avian influenza virus. According to scientists, the bird flu virus infects only cells with a high temperature, whereas the ordinary flu virus is adapted to relatively low temperatures.

Virologists from several different institutions, the U.S. learned the process of infection of cells of the nasal mucosa of different influenza viruses. The researchers varied the temperature: part of the cell culture was maintained at a temperature of 32 degrees, and some – at +37. Biologists know that the bird’s body temperature far above the human and their upper airways are heated as well as the deeply located parts nasopharynx in humans.

Avian influenza viruses (strains that suffer mainly birds: in principle, avian flu can survive in the human body), which scientists infected cells, a well-bred only in the heated cultures. Recall that the virus can not reproduce itself, instead, the virus penetrates the cell, it embeds in its genetic code, and only then the cell starts to produce copies of the virus has infected her.

Researchers have found that often infect humans are influenza viruses, in contrast, well multiply in the cells both at low and at high temperatures. Experts say that these differences are explained by the fact that bird flu infection occurs less frequently, and its transmission from person to person is unlikely: the virus spreads rapidly only when hit deep into the respiratory tract, and under normal circumstances, it is retained in the nasopharynx.

They also said that their discovery could affect the priority of the development of vaccines against avian influenza. Study of the ability of different viruses (currently 16 known strains of avian flu and the doctors have not checked them all) to infect cells at different temperatures can identify those varieties that can infect the body, regardless of the temperature of nasopharynx. Against such a vaccine virus would require first of all – the remaining strains originally adapted to birds with another body temperature.